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NVIDIA 宣告 CPO 光通訊量產、AI 伺服器出貨上看年增 31%——算力軍備競賽的下一站是「頻寬」嗎?

一句話結論: AI 競賽正從「算力軍備」轉向「互聯頻寬軍備」——NVIDIA 宣告共同封裝光學(CPO)步入量產,加上 AI 伺服器出貨年增近三成的預測,宣告矽光子時代正式鳴槍,而光通訊供應鏈將是下一波受惠的主角。
NVIDIA 資深副總裁 Gilad Shainer 宣告 CPO 步入量產——AI 工廠將大量導入搭載共同封裝光學的交換器

NVIDIA(NVDA)近期股價收在 206.64 美元(單日 +2.93%),總市值突破 5 兆美元,而真正讓市場沸騰的不是財報,而是兩則訊息:共同封裝光學(CPO)宣告量產、以及2026 年 AI 伺服器出貨年增率上調至近 31%。光通訊概念股隨即應聲大漲,多檔亮燈漲停。為什麼「光」突然成了 AI 世界的主角?

什麼是 CPO?為什麼 AI 資料中心需要它?

CPO(Co-Packaged Optics,共同封裝光學)是把光學元件直接封裝在交換器晶片(Switch ASIC)旁邊,讓資料以光的形式在晶片之間傳輸。過去伺服器之間靠「可插拔光模組」連接,但 AI 訓練需要 GPU 與 GPU 之間極高速率、極低延遲的互聯——傳統銅線在距離拉長後頻寬急劇衰減,而分離式光模組又因功耗與密度瓶頸逐漸跟不上。

CPO 的意義在於:把光「搬到」晶片旁邊,大幅縮短訊號路徑、降低功耗與延遲。半導體大廠博通(Broadcom)的 Tomahawk 5 交換器已出貨逾 5 萬台,下一代 Tomahawk 6 單顆頻寬達 102.4Tbps——技術已經從展示走向商用。NVIDIA 資深副總裁 Gilad Shainer 在技術論壇上證實,與供應鏈合作開發的 CPO 交換器已交付核心客戶,並部署於自家資料中心,今年將有大量 CPO 交換器進入全球 AI 工廠。

2026 年 AI 伺服器出貨上看年增 31%,錢從哪裡來?

研究機構 TrendForce 將 2026 年 AI 伺服器出貨年增率從 28% 上調至近 31%,背後推手是全球九大雲端服務商(CSP)的資本支出——預估年增約 90%、突破 8,867 億美元。換句話說,雲端巨頭正在用「翻倍」的速度砸錢蓋 AI 基礎設施,而這些錢最終流向伺服器、交換器、散熱與光通訊等供應鏈。

CPO 市場正以 219% 的年複合成長率擴張——光模組與 CPO 將並行成長,而非互相取代

值得注意的是,CPO 並非立即取代傳統可插拔光模組。分析師的共識是:可插拔模組仍是近期出貨主力,CPO 則以更快的速度成長,共同解決 AI 網路在功耗、密度與銅線傳輸距離上的三重限制。兩者是互補,不是淘汰。

誰是第一批吃螃蟹的人?

據 NVIDIA 內部人士透露,CoreWeave、Lambda 與 Oracle Cloud Infrastructure(OCI)是 NVIDIA Photonics 搭配 CPO 的第一批採用者,主要用於 scale-out(橫向擴展)網路。這三家都是 AI 雲端運算的指標客戶,它們的採用意味著 CPO 已經從「實驗室技術」進入「實際營運環境」。

CPO 早期採用者已浮現——CoreWeave、Lambda、OCI 率先導入 NVIDIA Photonics 搭配 CPO 的 scale-out 網路

供應鏈的「隱形缺口」:磷化銦

光通訊量產的另一面是關鍵材料告急。Lumentum 指出,CPO 與高速光模組的核心材料——磷化銦(InP)——供應缺口已擴大至 30%。磷化銦是雷射與光偵測器的基礎材料,產能擴充需要以年為單位,短期內無法速成。這意味著:就算終端需求爆炸,材料供給也可能成為瓶頸,擁有上游材料產能的廠商將掌握議價權。

投資人該觀察什麼?

從估值看,NVIDIA 本益比(TTM)約 31.7 倍,對成長股而言並不算瘋狂,但也說明了市場已把大量預期打入股價。接下來值得追蹤的領先指標有三個:Vera Rubin 平台出貨時程CPO 交換器在 AI 工廠的實際滲透率、以及磷化銦等關鍵材料的供需缺口變化。技術量產只是起跑,真正的考驗在於「量」能不能跟上「聲量」。

常見問題 (FAQ)

Q1:CPO 和傳統光模組差在哪?為什麼是 AI 資料中心的關鍵?

傳統方案是「可插拔光模組」插在交換器面板上,訊號要繞一大圈;CPO 則把光學元件直接封裝在交換器晶片旁,路徑更短、功耗更低、密度更高,能滿足 AI 訓練對極高頻寬與極低延遲的需求。

Q2:NVIDIA 宣布 CPO 量產,哪些公司直接受惠?

光通訊元件與模組廠(如聯亞、光聖、聯鈞等)、上游材料供應商(尤其磷化銦相關)、以及交換器供應鏈都會受惠。但要注意:部分漲幅已包含預期,投資前需區分「實質受惠」與「沾光題材」。

Q3:為什麼 Lumentum 說磷化銦缺口已達 30%?

磷化銦是高速雷射與光偵測器的核心材料,擴產週期長達數年。CPO 量產與高速光模組需求同步爆發,供給短期跟不上需求,缺口因而擴大至約三成,可能成為光通訊出貨的瓶頸。

Q4:CPO 會取代傳統光模組嗎?

短期不會。可插拔光模組仍是出貨主力,CPO 是成長更快的「延伸」——兩者分別解決不同層級的互聯需求。分析師預估 CPO 市場 2025–2030 年營收年複合成長率達 219%,但傳統模組也維持約 30% 的穩定成長。

Q5:AI 伺服器出貨年增 31% 的預測可靠嗎?

這是 TrendForce 基於九大 CSP 資本支出(年增約 90%、突破 8,867 億美元)上調的預測。資本支出是「意圖」的強訊號,但實際出貨仍取決於供應鏈產能、晶片供給與終端需求兌現程度,宜當作趨勢參考而非精確保證。

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